The U.S. House has given final approval to the Senate version of the “One Big Beautiful Bill Act,” officially sending the nearly 1,000-page legislation to President Donald Trump, who has pledged to sign it into law on July 4th.
The bill, one of the most expansive pieces of legislation in decades, was given approval by the House in a narrow vote. It comes one day after the Senate approved the measure 51 to 50, with Vice President JD Vance casting the tie-breaking vote. All Senate Democrats opposed the bill, joined by three Republicans—Senators Susan Collins, Rand Paul and Thom Tillis—who raised concerns about the bill’s cost and impact on safety net programs.
The One Big Beautiful Bill Act includes wide-ranging changes to tax, immigration, healthcare, and energy policy. Republicans have described it as the signature legislative accomplishment of Trump’s second term.
“This is a promise made and a promise kept,” said Senate Majority Leader Steve Daines following the Senate vote. “We’re restoring prosperity, rebuilding America’s borders, and cutting waste.”
Among the most notable provisions in the final version of the bill:
- Tax Cuts Made Permanent: The Trump-era individual and corporate tax cuts, set to expire this year, will become permanent. The standard deduction is also expanded, and a new deduction is created for tips and overtime wages for workers earning less than $150,000 a year.
- Child Tax Credit Changes: The child tax credit is increased to $2,200 per child, with partial refundability.
- New Deductions: Seniors age 65 and older will receive a new $6,000 deduction, and a temporary deduction will be available for auto loan interest on U.S.-built vehicles. The SALT deduction cap is raised to $40,000 for five years.
- Medicaid and SNAP Work Requirements: The bill imposes work requirements for Medicaid recipients with children over 14, and for many SNAP recipients. It also shifts more of the cost burden for food assistance programs onto states.
- Border and Immigration Funding: The legislation allocates bllions to border and immigration enforcement, including wall construction, detention facilities, and deportation operations. Republicans say this will allow over one million removals per year.
- Defense Spending Increase: The bill adds $150 billion to the defense budget, including new procurement funds and increased military salaries.
- Green Energy Rollbacks: It eliminates many of the renewable energy incentives passed under the Inflation Reduction Act, including clean energy tax credits, which industry analysts say could cut green sector growth by half.
- Debt Increase: The bill raises the debt ceiling by $5 trillion and is projected by the Congressional Budget Office to add over $3.3 trillion to the national debt over ten years.
During the House’s debate on the bill prior to its final vote, Democrats blasted it as a giveaway to corporations and the wealthy that would gut healthcare access and increase poverty.
“This is a cruel bill”, said Rep. Becca Balint (D-VT). “Thousands of Americans will die because of it. American will be poorer, they will be sicker.”
Rep. Morgan McGarvey (D-KY) said “Republicans are choosing to take health care away from seventeen million Americans. Republicans are choosing to take food off the plates of hard working families, kids and seniors. Republicans are choosing to blow up the national debt by trillions of dollars and for what? So the one percent can pay even less in taxes.”
Republicans, meanwhile, touted the proposal as a return to fiscal and national strength.
“The Big Beautiful Bill will unleash American energy”, said said Rep. Brett Guthrie (R-KY). “It will promote innovation and protect healthcare for the most vulnerable Americans. [It will] claw back wasteful and unnecessary spending”.
Rep. Earl Carter (R-GA) said “The One, Big, Beautiful Bill ushers in the golden age of America, as our great president says, where taxpayers, not illegal immigrants, are put first. It eliminates tax on tips and overtime and brings tax relief to seniors, it saves and sustains Medicaid for those who truly need it. It secures our southern border, making every community safe.”
President Trump has said he plans to sign the bill into law during a ceremony on July 4, calling it a “birthday present to America.”
Now that the Big Beautiful Bill Act has been passed, some lawmakers—such as Senator Bernie Moreno (R-MI)—and cannabis insiders like David Culver, senior vice president of the U.S. Cannabis Roundtable, have indicated Congress could finally turn its attention to cannabis-related reforms, such as the SAFER Banking Act, which would establish nationwide cannabis banking.
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